The Ellora Caves, located about 100 kilometers from the Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, India, are another breathtaking example of rock-cut architecture. This UNESCO World Heritage Site consists of 34 caves carved into the Charanandri Hills between the 5th and 10th centuries CE. Unlike Ajanta, which is exclusively Buddhist, Ellora reflects a remarkable blend of three religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism, showcasing India’s religious diversity and artistic evolution during that era.

Overview of the Caves

The caves are divided into three distinct groups:

1. Buddhist Caves (Caves 1–12): Built between the 5th and 7th centuries, these served as monasteries and temples. They feature large stupas, intricate carvings, and sculptures of the Buddha. Cave 10, known as the “Vishvakarma Cave,” is particularly notable for its ornate ceiling resembling wooden beams and a massive seated Buddha.
2. Hindu Caves (Caves 13–29): Constructed between the 7th and 9th centuries, these caves are famous for their grand scale and elaborate carvings of Hindu deities. The masterpiece here is Cave 16, the Kailasa Temple, a monolithic structure carved from a single rock. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, it’s one of the largest rock-cut temples in the world, with detailed sculptures, towering pillars, and a multi-storied layout.
3. Jain Caves (Caves 30–34): Dating from the 9th and 10th centuries, these smaller caves reflect Jain philosophy through their minimalist yet finely detailed carvings of Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers) like Mahavira. Cave 32, the “Indra Sabha,” stands out with its exquisite pillars and reliefs.